Project management within organisations

Project management within organisations Executive Summary This report is focussing on the critical evaluation of two major aspect of project management process; stakeholder management and risk management. In depth analysis of tools and techniques of both the aspects has been done. Along with power/interest matrix, communication plan for stakeholder management and risk identification, risk analysis, risk mitigation and control and documentation have been illustrated as different steps of risk management, with appropriate frameworks and diagrams. The importance of these aspects has been reflected with the literature support and examples of both successful and unsuccessful case-studies have been used, from both academic source and personal experience. Introduction Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) defines project as A temporary endeavour or undertaken to create a unique product or service, temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and definite end (Project Management Institute, 1996: cited in Project Management Journal, 2003). In the same context other authors point out that projects are non-routine processes and involve the coordination of interrelated activities (Rad, 2003). PMBOK, 1996 defines project management as The application of knowledge skills, tools and techniques to provide activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations from a project. Projects are now the most popular way to get things done and projects themselves are now often co-ordinate thorough programmes. Maylor, 2005 states that to have a successful project, manager needs to be good at planning and managing projects with sufficient knowledge and experience, especially in the kind projects and about the tools and techniques to project activities. Project management helps companies in attaining targets based on vision and strategy (Thurston, 2009). There are no magical instructions for a successful project however good project planning during the initial phase, can impinge positively on cost, time and quality areas of any project. This report has been written to critically evaluate the two aspects i.e. Stakeholder management and Risk management as an important aspect of overall project management process, with the support of literature and case-studies are provided as an example. Literature Review Stakeholder management Maylor, 2005 states that stakeholder management is 1 of the s out of 7s framework of project management and management related issues were later promoted by Mckinsey Co., Management consultants. Stakeholder management is one of the major aspect of project management and Freeman (1984) describes the concept of stakeholders as any group or individual who can affect, or is affected by, the achievement of a corporations purpose however it has been criticised by Phillips, 2003; Sternberg, 1997; and Mitchell et al., 1997, that if everyone is a stakeholder of everyone else then there is little value-added in the use of the stakeholder concept. The other school of thought identify stakeholders through the potential harms and benefits that they experience or anticipate experiencing as a result of the organizations actions or inactions (Donaldson and Preston, 1995). Figure 1 shows that projects generally have a range of stakeholders with strategic expectations and operational requirements. St akeholders can be either internal or external. Internal stakeholder can be defined as project owners in the sense they have overall managerial responsibility and power usually linked to a financial stake and organisation teams or individuals who have a contractual relationship with the project owner (Chapman, 2008)-ref. needed for example- Top-management, Accountant, other functional managers, project team members whereas external shareholders are who may be positive or negative about a project, who may seek to influence the project through political lobbying, regulation, campaigning or direct action (Ward, 2008)-ref.needed, like clients, competitors, suppliers, consumer. Stakeholders can be internal and external to the project scope or it can be external and internal to the project team, therefore their determination depends on the point of view of the observer. Johnson and Scholes (1999) state that it is not enough simply to identify stakeholders however managers need to assess each stakeholders interest to express its expectations on project decisions and if there is the power to follow it through. Although there are various perspectives of stakeholder theory (e.g., social science stakeholder theory, instrumental stakeholder theory), one common perspective is their perception that they have stake in an entity or task. As a result, they have certain expectations, and consequently, engage in certain types of behaviour, sometimes constructive, explained later in the case study of green-belt project in Genpact and sometimes destructive, explained later in the case-study of new airport terminal at Jersey airport (Bourne Walker, 2006). Because of their perception, stakeholders behave in ways in which they feel, will help them achieve their project objectives, which may be congruent or incongruent with the project managers project mission, vision, and objectives. Frequent conflicts between stakeholders revolve around long term versus short-term objectives, cost efficiency versus jobs, quality versus quantity, and control versus independence (Newcombe, 2003). Therefore, it is incumbent upon the project manager to understand the objectives of each project stakeholder in order to effectively manage his or her needs and desires. According to Jergeas et al. (2000) and Cleland (1986), important key to project success is an efficient management of the relationship between the project and its stakeholders. In order to achieve a successful project outcome, the project manager must be expert at managing the interests of multiple stakeholders throughout the entire project management process (Sutterfield et al, 2006). Jergeas e t al (2000) argued that some stakeholders have power because they control information and resources, while other stakeholders are important because they decide whether the project result is a success or not. Power/interest matrix Firstly, it is important to identify the space between the current and future expectation of the shareholder as well as to study the qualitative relationship they share. Secondly, because of difference goals and interests, stakeholders face difiiculty in reaching to an agreement on deliverables as a result it leads to a conflict between them. Antonioni, 2009 suggests that project manager may tend to avoid or accommodate, instead of engaging in collaborative problem solving to attain winning outcomes. The formation of stakeholders is often triggered off with specific events. Therefore, if faced with different possible future events, it is helpful to speculate on the degree of unity or diversity between the various groups. During strategic analysis, the process of uncovering potential alliances or rifts may be significant when thinking about future strategic choices (Miller Wilson, 1998). Lastly, failure to establish and manage the communication process with stakeholders can lead to a lack of support from stakeholders, disapproval of the deliverables and dissatisfaction working with project manager (Antonioni, 2009) and for this reason communication plan holds importance in project management. Communication Plan Effective communication is very important in any project and every project should include communications management planning. Communication plan is a document which gives guidance to the project team to communicate with the stakeholders, at a right time, and to timely inform them, though it varies according to the needs of the project. Therefore Schwalbe (2006) suggests that Stakeholder communication plan should include Information to be communicated with the format of who will receive the information and who will produce it, Suggested methods or technologies for conveying the information, Frequency of communication, Escalation procedures for resolving issues, Revision procedures for updating the communications management plan. It will help in avoiding wastage of time and money or even from disseminating unnecessary information. Figure 3 is an example of a stakeholder communication analysis: Case-study comparison as successful and unsuccessful: There is an example, Fig. 4, which reveals that how an efficient management can leads to an accomplishment of project-targets. In this project the stakeholders identified as controllers, allocations, treasury department, client and Genpact, wherein the key recognized problems were to reduce the delay in hand-off of un-reconciled items to controllers which are impacting the performance of other related departments, reduced frequency of reconciliation preparation leading to un-processed items, affecting the financials of the company. In lieu to carry on the project, the business goal and challenge has been set-out by keeping in mind the interests and objectives of all stakeholders mentioned above. The improvement actions suggested providing benefit not to one but to all the departments so that the projects outcome could be successful, without having conflicts. Due to effective management of stakeholders vested interests and objectives, the projects outcome was delightful and figure 5 shows customers feedback to the Genpact and to the related stakeholders. On the other hand, the case-study of construction of a new airport terminal building at Jersey Airport illustrates as to what can happen when project managers do not adhere to the fundamental principles of stakeholder management, adapted from article in Financial Times (1996, cited in Maylor, 2005). The main concern is the completion of the project in stipulated time-frame, i.e. in spring to cater to the in-flux of tourist in summer, though the target was achieved however suffered a negative publicity when financial times reminded potential visitors to Jersey that .they can easily go by boat. Customers, external stakeholders, will need to know that their requirements have been considered carefully and sufficient steps have been taken to fulfil them. Complaints by air-traffic controllers (ATC) that they were being dazzled by sunlight reflected on the roof of the new terminal building and CEO replied that at-least this will not happen in winter, another complaint by the ATC, stakeholde r, is that the new building is affecting the accuracy of wind speed indicator and they were advising pilots to use their own judgement regarding the wind-speed and furthermore the new building has obscured the view of parts of the taxiway to the ATCs clearly reflects that How can the mismanagement of the stakeholders interests and objectives can hamper a project. Risk Management- Project risk management, as one of the key disciplines of project management, is defined as the systematic process of identifying, analysing and responding to risk as project-related events, or managerial behaviour, that is not definitely known in advance, but that has potential for adverse consequences on a project objective (Project Management Institute, 2004 cited in Kutsch and Hall, 2009). Ben-David and Raz, 2001 states that regardless of number and definition of stages, project risk management processes have one element in common: an activity that deals with planning actions that will be implemented in order to reduce the exposure to risk. Reiss, 1995 has created an argument by citing examples as a survey of IT management consultancies which showed that only 30% applied any form of risk analysis and yet 90% of projects went over budget and 98% had changed specifications, usually to a lower spec however in December 1992, Computer weekly reveals that as a result of abandoning or r eplacing projects up-to 50 UK companies recently lost as much as $1 billion between them. Risk management includes identification of risks, assessment of risks either qualitatively or quantitatively, choosing an appropriate method for handling it and last but not the least is monitoring and documenting the risks. The requirement of an effective risk management is that a manager needs to be proactive and demonstrates a willingness to develop contingency plans, actively monitor the project and be willing to respond in a quicker manner in an event of risk occurrence. Time and money are essentially required for effective risk management to take place (Kerzner, 2003). Risk Management has 4 stages as Risk Identification Analysis of profitability and consequences Risk mitigation strategies Control and documentation Risk-Identification and techniques- Uncovering weaknesses in methods used in product development through structured approach so that timely mitigation actions are initiated to avoid risk, transfer risk, reduce risk likelihood or reduce risk impact refers by risk management process (Risk Management Standard AS/NZS 4360, 1999). Figure 6 shows the risk management process proposed by the Australian Standard for Risk Management. It is composed of seven iterative sub-processes of establishing the context of risk, identifying risks, analysing risks, evaluating risks, communication and consultation across stakeholders and monitoring and controlling risk events. Study a situation to identify what could go wrong in the product design and development project at any given point of time during the project is risk identification. Identification of risk and potential consequences sources to be done, before they can be acted upon to mitigate (Ahmed at al, 2007). Risk identification helps managers in identifying different types of risk s such as financial, technical, commercial, execution and legal risks and it can be identified with the help of different tools, such as- Checklists- An insignificant method, where crucial points are examined for symptoms of potential risk situation (Ahmed et al, 2007), usually evolve over time through collective experiences and contributions from various functional experts (Ward, 1999) Influence diagrams Before the risk situations eventuate, their effects can be described through visual display (Clemen, 1996). Cause-and-effect diagrams Also known as fish-bone diagram which means the breaking up of the root causes of any problem into detailed sources (Russell and Taylor, 2000). These are easy to use however they do not provide a foundation for further analysis. Failure Mode and Effect analysis (FMEA) and Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP)- In a technical system, FMEA provides a format for determining causes, effects and relationships wherein a scale of 0 to 10 is used to rate the causes (Kumamoto and Henley, 1996). It is calculated by multiplying the severity, occurrence and detection. An extension of FMEA, HAZOP can be applied by considering project parameters such as strategy, budget and schedule to identify risk situations (Ahmed et al, 2007). Fault trees and Event trees- A visual technique used for breaking down failure in the system into source events is performed by fault tree analysis where as graphical representation is of potential consequences arising from a failure where possible consequences are generated and broken down from an initial event (Kumamoto and Henley, 1996). Risk Analysis and techniques- After the identification of risk events, if their further analysis is required then project manager needs to be determined whether the risk event information can be acquired through quantitative or qualitative means. There are two parameters to measure risk- risk probability and risk consequence (Chapman and Ward, 1997). The function of risk analysis is to determine influence of risk factors on the system as a whole. One or more aspects of the project are cumulatively affected by the risk events and if the risk events are bunched together they can be mitigated easily. The bunched risk events can be dealt at the higher level in the long run rather than handling one particular risk event at a time, where the project is likely to be micro-managed. Because the techniques which have been mentioned earlier, applied for project analysis, can also be applied for risk analysis such as- Fault tree analysis, Event tree analysis and Estimation of system reliability and sensitivity analysis and s imulation. Estimation of system reliability It includes the analysis of smooth functioning of a technical system. Hence, cumulative effects on the critical components of the project are determined as the system reliability. Fault tree and Event tree analysis- It analysis the flow of risk from top-level to the low-levels as mentioned earlier. Event tree analysis states The probability of occurrence of a particular outcome is determined as a product of all probabilities of occurrence in the associated branch (Ahmed et al, 2007). Sensitivity analysis and simulation A baseline for the project metrics is generated as a precursor to a what-if analysis and then project conditions are manipulated to determine their effect on the project metrics. This leads to an understanding of the system response to changing project situations. Simulation is used as an extension to the sensitivity analysis (Berny and Townsend, 1993). In simulation, a system model is constructed to reflect actual processes with project parameters and constraints. Then, the values for the risk parameters and constrains are randomly selected in a predefined range (Ahmed et al, 2007). Its a flexible technique which requires a statistical analysis of a problem. Risk Mitigation When risk events eventuate, the risk mitigation actions are initiated and which can be seen as initiation of contingency plans, this process is known as a reactive approach or a feedback approach however a proactive approach or a feed forward approach is the process when any occurring risk event results in initiation of actions such as insurance. A combination of these two approaches is applied to risk management to avoid risk, reduce the likelihood of risk, reduce the impact of risk, transfer risk, or to retain the risk (Kartam, 2001). A project manager should draw a risk mitigation framework, as shown in figure 7, to establish a risk structure that will facilitate the subsequent functions in the risk management process. Case-study comparison as successful and unsuccessful: A project has been carried out at Genpact to carry out a smooth global disbursement process, which is responsible to make payments through electronic wires, within treasury department wherein few risks have been identified by the project manager. Being a mission critical process, because of involvement of payments with figures in millions, considerable attention is required to the pertaining risks as time limit, cost and error free process. The key areas of focus were the correct amount, to the correct banking details, to the correct payee and at the right time. A framework has been prepared, once the risks have been identified and the cost-benefit analysis has been carried out with the estimation of system reliability. Because RPN(risk priority number) of control checks in the FMEA was the maximum therefore all the control checks were aligned to the validation checks stage, as shown in figure-8, like valid requestor and valid approver as per the Genpact approved list, double check o f bank-details by approver with the details appearing in the database as well as request, booking must be reflecting outstanding against the beneficiaries name in the sub-system and payment platform is checked for duplicate payment. Because the due consideration has been given to the risk-management aspect of project management process as a whole, in particular, the project came out with magnificent results and is one of the best six-sigma projects of Genpact (Genpact-Finance overview, 2008). On the contrary, a product of an IT firm, while in the development phase went through the identification phase and came out with 152 possible risk events. Out of which most of the products features are not in accordance to the customer specifications/likings as a matter of fact that the steps in risk management process, like analysis of probability and consequences, quantitative measures, risk mitigation framework and control and documentation has not been followed. This would have been highly productive if the risk management tools and techniques would have been followed. Unfortunately the team left the hotel after brainstorming over the same without achieving it and 80% of their risk events actually occurred, during the next 2 years. As the team has only identified the risks however has not followed the risk management process as a whole as a result it was so disastrous that it almost finished the company (Maylor, 2005). Conclusion There is no magic wand to achieve success however References Ahmed, A., Kayis, B., and Amornsawadwatana, S., 2007, A review of techniques for risk management in projects: An international Journal, 14(1), pp. 22-36. Ben-David, I., and Raz, T., 2001. An integrated approach for risk response development in project planning: Journal of the Operational Research Society, 52, 14-25. Berny, J., and Townsend, P., R., F., 1993, Macrosimulation of project risks a practical way forward: Risk Management, (11)4, pp. 201-208. Bourne, L., and Walker, D.H.T., 2005. Visualising and mapping stakeholder influence: Management Decision, 43(5), pp. 649-660. Clemen, R., T., 1996, Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision Analysis, New York, Druxbury Press. Henley, E.J. and Kumamoto, H., 1991, Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Reliability Engineering, Design and Analysis, New York, IEEE Press. Jergeas, G., F., Williamson E., Skulmoski G., J., and Janice T., 2000. Stakeholder Management on Construction Projects: AACE International Transaction, pp. P12.1-P12.6 Karlsen, T., J., 2002. Project Stakeholder Management: Engineering Management Journal, 14(4), pp. 20. Kartam, N., A., and Kartam, S., A., 2001. Risk and its management in the Kuwaiti construction industry contractors perspective: International Journal of Project Management, (19) 6, pp. 325-335. Kerzner, H., 2003, Project management, 8th edition, Canada, John Wiley Sons. Kutsch, E., and Hall, M., 2009.Deliberate ignorance in project risk management: International Journal of project management, 28, pp. 245-255. Maylor, H., 2005, Project Management, 3rd edition, Essex, Pearson education Limited. Newcombe, R., 2003, From client to project stakeholders: a stakeholder mapping approach: Construction Management and Economics, 21(8), pp. 841-848. Olander, S., and Landin, A., 2005, Evaluation of stakeholder influence in the implementation of construction projects: International Journal of Project Management, 23(4), 321-328. Olander, S., 2006. Stakeholder impact analysis in construction project management: Construction Management and Economics, 25, pp. 277-287. Rad, F., P., 2003. The Professional research Journal of the Project Management Institute: Project Management Journal, 34(3), pp. 1-7. Schwalbe, K., 2006, Information Technology Project Management, 4th edition, Massachusetts, Thomson course technology. Thurston, L., 2009. Project management vital in todays business environment: Caribbean Business, 37(17), pp 52-52. Ward, S., C., 1999. Assessing and managing important risks: International Journal of Project Management, 17(6), pp. 331-336.

Reflection of Team Work

The team project determined to be an excellent example of teamwork. Teamwork is essential in any type of career, and by doing team projects while still in school will continue to help me prepare for my future. The John Deere Dealership Program that I helped work on proved to be a success. Not only did the team learn how to work as a team; the team is leaving something at this university that will help students in the future. I feel that if this program is implemented, many students can benefit from this internship experience. I just wish that this program had been implemented four years ago so my colleagues or I might have had a chance to participate in this program. The project itself turned out to be a great learning experience for every member of my team, including myself. A student’s school and work schedule is tough enough to work out, but when there are four different schedules to work around one must collaborate with the other three to work out meeting times. The team I participated with worked out meeting times the best we could. I believe that this is an experience that each member should remember in the future, especially when we have to form meetings with colleagues in our career. While working on this team project conflict arose, and we had to overcome these conflicts. Conflicts are a big part of any team because of the amount of people working as a team. Conflicts are bound to arise, and each person must realize that their idea is not always right. I believe that knowing ahead of time that conflicts will arise that team should run a lot smoother. Communication is also a key to a successful team. If a person is reluctant to communicate with the rest of the team, his of her ideas will not be expressed in a completed project. I feel that in small teams like we had, it helps a backward person become involved due to the small amount of people in the group. I believe that every person’s opinion is important in running a team, and I will try to get every person’s input before a final decision is made. The presentations that each team gave in front of the class proved to be a good experience for every member of each group. Some people are more comfortable than others in public speaking, but through the presentations, a backward speaker gets experience in speaking in front of people. I believe that experience is the only way to become comfortable speaking in front of eople. Overall, I have thoroughly enjoyed this project. Each step of completion from the ground up was a great experience. I enjoy seeing our finished product, and enjoy people liking what our finished product looks like. I think all the hard work and conflicts pay off when I see a completed project. It has been a great team building experience for me, and I feel that the completion of this team project will help me in future team oriented projects.

Enzymatic Activity of Salivary Amylase

Enzymatic Activity of Salivary Amylase Ong, Janela Rose I. ; Paguia, Maria Tricia C. ; Placente, Dax Daven A. ; Posadas, Grace Catherine A. 3Bio3-Group 8 Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila 1008 Abstract This experiment aims to examine the enzymatic activity and specificity of salivary amylase depending on the changes in pH and temperature; and determine the optimum temperature and pH of the amylase. EXPERIMENTAL In the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase, 1ml saliva, 9ml distilled water and 30ml of 0. % NaCl made up the enzyme solution. One percent starch in phosphate buffer pH 6. 7 was the buffered starch. The experiment was comprised of two parts. For the first part (effect of temperature), 2 ml of the enzyme solution was placed in a large test tube and labelled as 4?. In a separate large test tube, 2 ml of the buffered starch solution was added. Both test tubes were incubated for 10 minutes in an ice bath with a tempe rature of 4?. The two test tubes were IMMEDIATELY mixed after 10 minutes, and three-drops were QUICKLY taken from the mixture. The three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the first well of a spot plate and was labelled as the zero minute. Incubation should be continued and after a one-minute interval, three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the second well of a spot plate and was labelled as one minute. The test tube of the iodine solution should not be exposed. It should be covered with a cork and wrapped around with aluminium foil. The same step of taking three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added ith two drops of iodine solution was repeated until a light yellow-colored solution was observed. Time should be noted. The first part of the procedure was not only focused on 4? but also other temperatures such as room temperature, 37? , 50? , 60? and 70?. All temperatures were incubated at the desired incubation temperature. The reciprocal of time (1/t, min-1) was plotted versus the tempe rature (T) and the optimum temperature of the amylase was determined. For the second part (effect of pH), 1 ml of acetate buffer with ph 4 and 1 ml of 2% unbuffered starch were mixed in a large test tube. In a separate large test tube, 2ml of the enzyme solution was added. Both test tubes were incubated for 10 minutes in a 37? water bath. The two test tubes were IMMEDIATELY mixed after 10 minutes and three-drops of the mixture were QUICKLY and simultaneously added with two drops of the iodine solution onto the first well of a spot plate. This was labelled as the zero minute. Incubation should be continued and after a one-minute interval, three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the second well of a spot plate and was labelled as one minute. The test tube of the iodine solution should not be exposed also and it should be covered with a cork and wrapped around with aluminium foil. The same step of taking three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution was repeated until a light yellow-colored solution was observed. Time should be noted. The same steps for the second part of the experiment should be followed for other pH such as 5, 6. 7, 8 and 10 — using the appropriate buffer. The reciprocal of time (1/t, min-1) was plotted versus the buffer pH and the optimum pH of the amylase was determined.

Conjugating the Regular French Verb Choisir (to Choose)

Choisir, to choose, pick, decide, is conjugated as a regular French  -ir  verb. Regular verbs share conjugation patterns in person, number, tense and mood. Verbs with infinitives that end in  -ir  are the second largest category of regular French verbs, after French verbs ending in  -er. Generally speaking, there are five main kinds of  verbs in French: regular  -ir, -er, -re,  stem-changing and  irregular. Once youve learned the rules of conjugation for regular verbs, you should have no problem conjugating them, and this holds true for the regular  -ir  verb  choisir. Conjugating Regular French -ir Verbs To conjugate choisir and all other regular  -ir  verbs, remove the infinitive ending (-ir)  to find the stem (also called the radical), then add the appropriate simple conjugation ending/s shown in the table below. Note that the conjugation table below does not include  the  compound tenses, which consist of  a form of the auxiliary verb  and  the past participle.  Choisir  normally requires the auxiliary verb  avoir  in  compound tenses and moods. For example:  Jai choisi deux là ©gumes verts. I picked two green vegetables.   Other Regular French -ir Verbs Here are just a few of the most common regular  -ir  verbs. Remember, they all have regular conjugations, meaning they all follow the same conjugation patterns, which are those shown in the table. Simply take off the infinitives  -ir  ending and add the appropriate conjugated ending to the stem  in each instance. abolir   to abolishagir  Ã‚  to actavertir  Ã‚  to warnbà ¢tir  Ã‚  to buildbà ©nir  Ã‚  to blesschoisir  Ã‚  to chooseà ©tablir  Ã‚  to establishà ©tourdir  Ã‚  to stun, deafen, make dizzyfinir  Ã‚  to finishgrossir  Ã‚  to gain weight, get fatguà ©rir  Ã‚  to cure, heal, recovermaigrir  Ã‚  to lose weight, get thinnourrir  Ã‚  to feed, nourishobà ©ir  Ã‚  to obeypunir  Ã‚  to punishrà ©flà ©chir  Ã‚  to reflect, thinkremplir  Ã‚  to to fillrà ©ussir   to succeedrougir  Ã‚  to blush, turn redvieillir  Ã‚  to grow old Choisir: Uses and Expressions Choisis ce que tu veux.  Ã‚  Take your pick.Choisis lun ou lautre.   Choose one or the other.Tu as choisi ton moment  ! You picked a swell time!bien / mal choisir   to choose carefully / badlyElle a choisi de rester. She decided to stay.Je nai pas choisi.  Cest arrivà © comme à §a. It wasnt my decision; it just happened.  Il a toujours choisi la solution de facilità ©. He always chose the easy way / solution. Simple Conjugations of the French Regular -ir Verb Choisir Present Future Imperfect Present participle je choisis choisirai choisissais choisissant tu choisis choisiras choisissais il choisit choisira choisissait nous choisissons choisirons choisissions vous choisissez choisirez choisissiez ils choisissent choisiront choisissaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle choisi Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je choisisse choisirais choisis choisisse tu choisisses choisirais choisis choisisses il choisisse choisirait choisit choist nous choisissions choisirions choismes choisissions vous choisissiez choisiriez choistes choisissiez ils choisissent choisiraient choisirent choisissent Imperative (tu) choisis (nous) choisissons (vous) choisissez

Graduation Speech High School - 1800 Words

â€Å"Congratulations! You have been accepted to Bentley University for fall of 2015!† Words could not express how ecstatic this message made me. As soon as the acceptance email popped up on my phone, I screamed, dropped my backpack, and sprinted over to my track and field teammates to celebrate this triumphant occasion. After years of challenging AP courses, eleven seasons of tiring school sports, and countless extracurricular clubs, I finally felt like all of my hard work had paid off. At that moment, the only thought in my head was â€Å"I’m going to Bentley!† My dream — an aspiration I’ve had since my freshman year of high school — was becoming a reality. Soon enough, I was forced to put things into perspective. The annual cost to attend†¦show more content†¦Altogether, they possess a total of $1.2 trillion in federal student loans (Ratcliffe, 2015). According to the Congressional Budget Office, â€Å"If the United States Federa l Government was a private company, it would be the most profitable company in the world† with annual profits of at least $50 billion (McCarthy, 2014). As millions of students and graduates struggle to pay the their loans, the government quietly sits back and rakes in billions of dollars each year. As college tuitions across the nation increase at an average rate of 3.4% each year (College Board), fewer and fewer Americans can afford higher-education. High school graduates are encouraged to attend college to further their education and obtain a high-paying job to provide a comfortable lifestyle for themselves and their future families. But how can these students lead successful lives if they’re crippled financially and mentally in student debt? Student debt leads the way for extreme financial problems for college students and graduates. 70% of fresh college graduates leave college with student loans averaging $33,000 per student (Barr, 2015). That giant lump of debt lin gers around college graduates like a pesky mosquito and does not fade away very fast; considering the average college graduate earns a starting salary of $45,478 per year (Poppick, 2015). The act of having to allocate generous amounts of someone’s paycheck to student loans makes noticeable impacts inShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School934 Words   |  4 Pageslife would be graduation. For many people, graduating from high school is an objective. It takes a lot of time, effort, and determination to accomplish that goal. For others graduation is the end of high school, and the beginning of a new chapter in life. When graduated people feel as if adulthood has begun. In the long run, graduating opens a lot of opportunities for people to thrive. 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High school can be filled with lots of good memories for some people and it could be filled with bad memories, for me it was both I had good times and I had bad times. The High school Graduation day should definitely be the best day of your life because that means no more high school, no more having to wake up at 6Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. 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When my nephews were born my sophomore year all of my priorities changed

Locus of Control Essay - 739 Words

Locus of Control After completing and evaluating my responses to the Locus of Control Assessment, my result was that I have an internal locus of control. An internal locus of control is when a person believes that they are generally in control of the events that affect their life. In my opinion, the assessment is right, I believe I control most of the events that happen in my life. Now, on the other end an external locus of control is when a person believes that they generally do not have control of the events that affect their life (Myers, 2012, p. 51). The two reliable sources I found that provided information on Locus of Control were www.ncrel.org and www.psych.uncc.edu. After conducting some research I have determined†¦show more content†¦The reason why I believe this is because in most cases we have control over certain events that happen in our life. Having an external locus of control would give the person no sense of responsibility for their actions since they feel they do not have control over it. A person with an internal locus of control is more responsible, successful, easily motivated and always looking for improvement within them. A person with an external locus of control is less responsible, blames everyone else for their failures, is less motivated and success is something they feel will happen if others achieve it for them. Depending on the situation or the life event these two have to be balanced. If you’re a person with an internal locus of control like me and we experience a situation that is out of our hands we have to accept that and understand that not everything in life can be controlled. Some things are going to happen no matter what we do. In cases like this is when it’s good to have an external locus of control because for some people not being in control all the time and experiencing a situation that is out of their hands can be damaging for their self-esteem. When an event arises we should be able to logically look at t he situation and analyze if there was anything we could have done different to solve the problem or avoided it and evaluate the decisions we made that concluded with the end result. Once you analyzeShow MoreRelatedThe Locus of Control Contsruct Essay1987 Words   |  8 PagesLocus of Control, originally conceptualized by Julian Rotter (1966), has been found to be critical to numerous studies. Within psychology, it is considered to be a generalized expectancy regarding the forces that determine reinforcement. Individuals with internal orientation perceive rewards as contingent based on personal behavior, whereas those with external orientation attribute reinforcement received to external factors such as chance and powerful others (Levenson 1981). This essay examines theRead MoreLocus Of Control And Explanatory Style Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesLocus of Control and Explanatory Style The University of Pennsylvania website, Authentic Happiness, was developed by the Positive Psychology Center with the purpose of providing free resources where people can learn about Positive Psychology (Authentic Happiness). Positive Psychology, according to the Positive Psychology Center, is the scientific study of the strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive. The field is founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful andRead MoreAn Evaluation Of External Locus Of Control929 Words   |  4 PagesAn Evaluation of External Locus of Control Everything happens for a reason. Some individuals believe that they are the reason behind everything that occurs to them. Other individuals believe in a higher power that predestines them to a certain fate. There are still yet some individuals who fall in between both aspects of personality studies. A non-complex description of this is how my religion can be evaluated through the locus of control. I know a tad surprising, but religion just like in many aspectsRead MoreSelf Efficacy And Locus Of Control879 Words   |  4 Pagesattitudes and understanding in society. These factors can all contribute how people see people in the world. Different factors contribute into how people view things such as; locus of control, self-efficacy, social and cultural difference and relationships. Self-efficacy and Locus of control Self-efficacy and locus of control is a constant evolve process that begins when we are born and continues even when we are at an old age. The higher confidence level that I have towards people, actions and anythingRead MoreInternal And Internal Locus Of Control In Students730 Words   |  3 PagesLocus of control is one person’s beliefs about what controls the outcomes of the things they do in life. With locus of control, there are two types; internal and external. Internal locus is the belief that what happens is their own fault and that they have control over it. For example, if a student with an internal locus control gets a perfect score, they will say it was because of their effort and studying. On the other hand, if a student with an external locus of control fails, he will blame externalRead MoreEssay about Locus of Control and Social Behaviour2570 Words   |  11 Pagesmuch influence they themselves have on their life events can be categorized into two different gro ups. Those with internal control believe that they have control over their own behaviour and the subsequent outcomes. Conversely, those with external control more often tend to believe that outcomes are beyond their control. The locus control concept of internal versus external control can be used to understand the expectations people develop about many life events in relation to the motivations for socialRead MoreThe Locus Of Control Questionnaire892 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Professor Lopez Littleton asked the class to delve inside of our minds, we took a variety of questionnaires about ourselves. One that stood out to me was the Locus of Control questionnaire. The very first two statements are leaders are born, not made and leaders are made, not born. I chose the second statement that leaders are made, not born. When I was younger, I was quite insecure with myself and I wasn’t much of a leader. Sure, everyone in the class always wanted to work with me because IRead MoreTh e Locus Of Control And Attribution Theories1245 Words   |  5 Pages Explain in detail the locus of control and attribution theories? †¢ Locus of control-The extent to which people believe they have power over events/outcome in their lives. Locus of control can be divided into 2 sub categories: a. Internal locus of control-an individual believes that he/she can influence events and their outcomes. For Ex. An athlete may blame their poor performance on their failure to get an adequate amount of sleep last night? b. External locus of control - individuals blame outsideRead MoreLocus of Control and Reaction Formation.2141 Words   |  9 PagesE)|latency| 11.|Most late adolescents perceive themselves as less vulnerable than their peers to the AIDS virus. This best illustrates:| A)|repression.| B)|the spotlight effect.| C)|reaction formation.| D)|unrealistic optimism.| E)|an external locus of control.| 12.|Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human predisposition to engage in destructive and evil behaviors?| A)|trait theorists| B)|humanistic theorists| C)|psychoanalytic theorists| D)|socialcognitive theorists| Read MoreManagers Locus of Control to Managerial Style2683 Words   |  11 PagesDoes a manager’s locus of control have a significant relationship with their managerial style? C. Gordon Research Paper/Proposal Florida Institute of Technology Objective The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between a person’s direction of their locus of control and their managerial style. More specifically, their managerial style as it pertains to the Managerial Grid ® created by Blake and Mouton, and the Six Styles of Management developed by the HayGroup

Evaluating Marketing Tools Strategy and Recommendations

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating Marketing Tools Strategy and Recommendations. Answer: Introduction The sales strategy of a company and its consistent growth entirely relies on its marketing plan since this is the detailed layout of that company determining its plans for the following year. Hence, the evaluation of the marketing plan becomes necessary to make alterations on it and set the marketing plan in motion in order to cope up with rapidly changing industry. Assessing the marketing plan for an Australian company one of the premium airlines organization Qantas is chosen. Qantas is a premium and the largest airline service provider in the continent of Australia and New Zealand as well as pioneering carrier service in Europe and North America. With several subsidiaries incorporating Qantas Link and the low-fare Jetstar the worlds second oldest airlines group serves in 44 countries encompassing 182 destinations worldwide. It also has a partnership with Australia Post in two jointly controlled entities - Australian Air Express. It caters pioneered services from Australia to North America and Europe and disburses employment to 32,500 people approx. Domestically, it is a flag carrier company of Australia operating around 5600 flights a week in the region of 59 cities. The celebrated global airlines industry like Qantas airlines is thriving at a rapid pace though consistent and fortified rate of profit is an elusive concept. This report centers on the theoretical aspects and outline of eight marketing mix concepts and as well, as how it is being applied on the chosen organization Qantas Airline(Armstrong, 2014). Further, this report indulges in the growing level of competition with the widening global market and the broader contemporary issue that has been faced by the company. Eventually, some recommendations for amelioration of the carrier-craft company are provided that might aid it to reach to the pinnacle. SWOT Analysis: An ideal marketing audit encompasses an in-depth assessment of the organizations current scenario and the products that it is capable of launching and employing in the market to acquire its long-term objectives. Through measurement of the potential competencies and available resources of the organization, we can set an overview of the strength and weaknesses of the company in question. While evaluating the trends or the external forces in the extrinsic environment, which portrays the positive and negative prospects of the company in future indicates the opportunities and the probable threats faced by the organization during its operation in the market(Ivy, 2013). Using SWOT Analysis on Qantas Airlines enables to assess all aspects of the business both externally and internally and points out its inept decisions and key features where it actually is able to possess the competitive advantage and reinvent its arena. Application of SWOT Analysis in Qantas: Strength Weakness a) Centers on Australian values. b) Globally acclaimed brand name and logo. c) Outstanding safety record d) Excellent operational facilities leading it to win the Cumber batch Trophy for Excellence in engineering, twice. e) Operation of B2B and B2C business simultaneously. f) Australian Government acting as a continuous back bone. a) Incongruous location of Australia prevents its airport to operate as a busy hub. b) 93% of the employees are Australia based which is an extravagant aspect. c) Compared to its competitors it exhibits expensive operational expenses. d) Amateurish decision making regarding purchase of cost effective and fuel- efficient aircrafts versus following the competitors. e) Selecting target audience as the middle aged Australian nationals who might fade away at a given point of time instead of targeting the high tech savvy young generation with contemporary flag-carriers. f)The Qantas Group is entirely positioned as an International Business, obstructing it from acquiring foreign investors unlike Virgin, its renowned competitor, which enjoys full pockets of investment both from the international and domestic levels. Opportunities Threats a) The competent amalgamation with Emirates Airlines. b) 6 functional subsidiaries of Qantas provide it with the scope of tailoring various products at different segment of the market. c) Delivery of more than 4000 flights weekly by Jetstar group to more than sixty destinations in 17 countries worldwide with 115 aircrafts. d) Seeking advantage from the collapse of Ansett in hiring new employees, expanding routes and leasing numerous aircrafts. e) Evolving the e-commerce phase of its business. f) Australia goes hand in hand with New Zealand in establishing a grand space for domestic carrier craft business. a) Unceasing rise of fuel cost. b) Arrival of its succubus competitor Virgin Australia demonstrating lower costs of operation and surpassing productivity after enjoying a monopoly position of above 10 years. c) Eithads proposal of buying Virgins stake to bolster its existence indicates a further financial boost up for Virgin Australia from UAE. d) Emergence of Dubai Airport as an evident nerve center, which introduces passengers moving in and out of Australia to competitors of Qantas. e) Global economic crisis has led a profound impact on the aviation industry as a whole. f) Australias negative legal regulations such as Long Service Leaves imbibe a sluggish attitude in the employees and hamper their productive capacity. Market Segmentation: The following market segmentation can be applied by Qantas to embellish its market positioning in order to achieve the apex of success: Demographics Qantas can divide the market into various sectors based on certain demographic variable such as age, gender, income level and the like. This in a way segregates the business class customers from the economic class and distinguishes their tastes and preferences. Psychographics - After the demographic segmentation is conducted, they need to identify the demands of each demographical layer and fulfill them in the process of business priority consideration. Qantas should in a way maintain an equilibrium while placating the demands of both the business class and economy class customers. Buyer Graphics This calibrates on the evaluation of the attitude and perception of the customers towards the offered service. Where else they invest their money for Qantas to develop partnerships in future in-varied industries. Geographics This segmentation focuses on the apartheid of the market on the basis of the thorough knowledge about the geography of the current market and satisfying the demands of the intended group of customers originating from the diverse geographies. Like Qantas initiated a program with a tag line Our people, Our land in 2012 to concentrate its business tactics on domestic flights. Marketing Mix: Marketing mix is a bed- rock concept in the field of marketing. It can be defined as a cluster of marketing instruments that an organization adopts to pursue its goals in the target market scenario. However, the marketing mix broadly categorizes mainly 4 Ps of marketing decisions, in case of services marketing a much more elaborate and extensive version is applied comprising of 8 Ps which sequentially goes as follows: Product Price Promotion People Processes Physical evidence Partnership Distribution Product: It deals with the commodity or services that the firm is willing to offer for sale in the market, its substitute products as well as the competition prevailing in the market. Product considerations influences each and every other decisions related to a product marketing. The tangible and intangible advantages should be considered minutely so that any products of tangential importance can be co-marketed(Hamzah Sutanto, 2016). Qantas has focused on enhancing its output by implementing various strategies of positioning not only with the customers but also with the rival groups. Qantas has launched Jetstar, its low fare brand to captivate back its market share from the rival firms. Qantas positions itself as dual branded claiming it as a high quality premium carrier craft brand on one hand and a budget airline with low cost on the other. This exquisite feature has provided Qantas with a competitive advantage and thereby expanding its market share and broader coverage of market segmentation. It initiates various reward programs like Frequent Flyer Schemes and Qantas Club Services to secure both the individual and corporate business. In addition it also offers a bounty of features of superior quality to its loyal customers. Price: Price is not only the indicator of the profit margin of the service provided but it is also held responsible for a number of marketing decisions. It sets a standard value of the service, which has to be met by the companys employee, physical evidence and performance to reach the pinnacle. For a company like Qantas the pricing pattern of the product changes frequently. Recently the pricing strategy of Qantas incorporates: Price Penetration Implemented for Jetstar- cheapest possible price. Full Fares targeted for business customers since full fares are feasible for refund which is very much essential for business customers. They require the flexibility from the management in spite of being expected to pay a premium charge. Promotion: A company markets and advertises its products and services through the device. It strives to convey its intended message to the media with the best possible means. Promotion strategy involves brand development, slogans and logos which transmits the intangible benefits of the service in question. Qantas ratifies advertising agencies to create advertisements for both audio and visual media including brochures, posters and billboards(Astuti Silalahi, 2015). It is mainly dependent on the following techniques of promotion. They are either based on representatives who are directly responsible for sale to travel agents and government departments. Or the image of Qantas is highlighted through news releases, press conferences and interviews. It has used various opinion leaders such as John Travolta and sponsored variety of events such as rugby and NRL to popularize its reputation and sustain its brand image. People: One of the principal key features of any company assisting it to grow further is its people who are entrusted with supporting the companys customer service or product section. Maintaining high level of customer satisfaction relies on lesser time taken in response and operation hours. This is only possible when the aims and expectations of the company are clearly stated to the employees and they are trained properly(Armstrong, 2014). A competent group of people of any organization only multiplies the quality of service offered to its consumers. Qantas has identified the value of maintaining proficient employees in order to provide premium service to its customer. The trainee second officers of Qantas are trained by one of the worlds most renowned flight training institute famous for its thorough professional curriculum. They gain practical knowledge in proximity with the experienced pilots and are further trained to become dedicated staffs. Qantas also concentrates on retaining the jo b satisfaction level of its employees largely offering them with some attractive perks and benefit. Processes: Processing of the marketing plan is an extremely important strategy since excellence in a companys service resorts to the concrete policies and procedures made in the marketing plan. Now-a-days, customers do not just remain satisfied availing the service but they also show interest in the business structure and try to figure out whether it is appealing. Qantas ensures a smooth processing of reservation to its passengers and even concentrates on providing quality ground service to the flyers. They consistently attempt to perfect their on-flight meal service with proper packaging and their flight entertainment arrangement is of premium class. Physical Evidence: Talking about the physical evidence part, it is perhaps the most important among all the marketing mix as only this component comes to the exposure first. The physical evidence constituent includes the visual layout of service offerings, company policies, liabilities on the part of the organization and customer friendly insurance policies if in case the company is accountable for any harm or damage to its customers and their belongings. Physical evidence part also cites the proper dress code and decorum of the organizations employees. Qantas precisely maintains a high standard of policies and its customer liabilities are clearly stated in the website so that the customer can easily get access to any of his queries(Jin, Kim, Kim, 2015, June). Besides, Qantas seems very much promising in taking the right and prompt steps to solve the problems. In their website, it has been clearly stated that in case of any loss or damage of the flyers properties they need to lodge PIR (Property Regul atory Report) to Airport Baggage Services counter. Besides, Qantas annual report and business structure is handily available in their websites that involves the passengers to the core of the organization so that they can be ascertained about the service quality promised. Setting up of Marc Newson First Lounges in LA, Singapore and Hong Kong is sure to turn Qantas to one of the elite international flyers(Belobaba, Odoni, Barnhart, 2015). In addition to this, many of the biggest aircrafts are being remodeled in terms of both style and comfort providing completely flat sky-beds. Partnership: An investigation of present marketing landscape has identified partnership marketing as one of the key strategy to grow and expand business in the highly competitive market. Qantas, as no exception to this has collaborated with Malaysia Airlines and LAN in Latin America(Balmer, 2013). They are also hoping to expand their business teaming up with British Airways in order to reduce loss making. In Asia Qantas is focusing to grow with its low-cost airline Jetstar and looking forward to the major coalition with Emirates(Balmer, 2013). It has also confirmed to establish a low-cost carrier in Japan named as Jetstar Japan, collaborating with Japan Airlines and Mitsubishi. Distribution: The distribution mix ensures that right service is offered to its target consumer(Bellin, 2016). This consists of five principal components such as communication, unitization, warehousing, inventory and transport. Qantas assures that the right service is offered to the right consumers. It deftly handles all the distribution channels: Direct Distribution: Direct distribution mix allows the customers to reserve their tickets on their own and therefore, the company easily reaches out to its end customers. Third-Party Distribution: Schemes affiliating third party, Global Distribution Systems (GDS), Interline sales associating other airlines helps to expand the company worldwide. Qantas has a flexible reservation system that connects it to these traditional systems using IATA standard interfaces. Impacts of contemporary issues: Marketing strategy of a company is the process or business model followed by the company to utilize limited resources in the best possible way to achieve a rise in sales and hence, a rise in the profit, growth and attain a sustainable competitive advantage. A good marketing strategy can drive a company way forward than its rivals. Every company follows their own marketing strategy. There are some contemporary issues which affect the marketing strategy for organizations. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Social Media Interaction, technological advances, globalization, ethical concerns and so on are among the few to be discussed. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Corporate Social Responsibility, abbreviated as CSR, refers to the business activities of organizations, which are beneficial for the society. Its the initiatives taken by the companies to assess their impacts on the environmental and social welfare. It can be said that CSR often represent policies and activities that companies use to govern themselves with honesty, transparency and have a positive effect on social wellbeing. These initiatives can include a variety of actions like donations to charity, efforts to make a greener world and so on. Qantas Group has played an active role in the benefits of the communities since it was established in 1920 in Queensland, Australia. It has contributed during natural disasters, flying patients and medical supplies, donation to charities like UNICEF, Make-A-Wish, e-motion21, Mardi Gras. Its Change for Good program has raised over $30 million compared to $4 million of Jetstars StarKids initiative. It has supported Australian talent through part nerships with Australian Ballet, MONA and National Gallery of Australia. Qantas has CSR rating 63(Qantas, 2017). Environmental Impacts: Every organization has impacts on the environment and, those effects have become a global challenge now. Due to globalization of services and climate change, the actions have accelerated global warming with significant impacts on society, economy and environment. To do their part to improve environmental impacts, the Qantas Group has worked to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. It has invested in new aircrafts, innovated more efficient ways of operating by collaborating with partners, regulators, manufactures. Data shows, the airlines fuel efficiency has increased by 5% since 2009. According to the financial report of Qantas, 2014-15, it has reduced the carbon emission by 2.1% during 2014-15 as part of the Qantas Transformation program(qantas_annual_review, 2015). Qantas has launched programs for separating and recycling the waste on board of Boeing 737 and Airbus A330. Economic Efficiency: According to the financial report, in 2014-15, Qantas has replaced fluorescent tube lights with energy efficient LED lights in airports, warehouses, ramp areas, hangers and flight simulators. This would reduce energy consumption by over 13 million kilowatt hours and would save more than $2 million energy cost per year (qantas_annual_review, 2015) Technological advances: Technological improvements are always beneficial for companies. It affects efficiency of goods and services and hence, the profitability and sustainability of a company improves. Qantas has invested in bringing in new aircrafts which are fuel efficient; reduce carbon emissions thus reducing the expenditure on fuel. It has taken steps to improve their efficiency and services to the customers. Their employees have worked towards new and improved designs for the new aircrafts that reduces cost and improved services. They have cut down management layers, accelerated decision-making, encouraged innovation. Hence, productivity has increased significantly (Merkert Pearson, 2015). Globalization: To hold its position in the domestic and international aviation industry, Qantas has adopted globalization policies. It has planned to ensure its enhanced presence in Asia by investing in a brand new superior Asia based airline designed by Qantas experts but with a fresh name, advanced technology, alluring look and feel. A new cost-effective carrier Jetstar Japan was launched for domestic operations and within a year it will collaborate with Japanese brand icons like Japan Airlines and Mitsubishi. Recommendations: The entire airlines industry including the Australian giant Qantas must adopt certain measures to sustain in this market of cutthroat competition. Having an in depth knowledge of individual customers preferences and consumer related activities and analyzing it minutely is a must while delivering personalized service and targeted offerings. Qantas must induce themselves beyond their credence on existing loyalty programs, which instigates generation of suggestive consumer data and feed-back by evaluating the expenditure pattern through branded credit card of the respective airlines (Srisaeng, Baxter, Wild, 2015). Investment in advanced customer analytics is a vital issue but technology can never be the sole means to acquire that. Qantas must re-modify their structure and processes to insert customer service into their organizational ethos (Tribe, 2015). Major awareness of customer behavioral pattern develops intimacy thereby improving the targeted offerings. Such an approach enables them to gain a chance of generating ancillary revenue and greater percentage of sales through direct channels. Thus, they can sustain their premium position without alienating their customers. Eliminating the fat and not the muscle - While involving themselves in the process of expense reduction, they should not only determine how far to cut but from where to cut. This critical juncture to categorize the various sets of essential capabilities distinguishes them from their rival groups in the consumers perception. This area requires renewed investment so the management should reduce the other costs efficiently that are not concerned with safety, company image or customer value. Strategic partnership - Since the legal framework of re-construction and consolidation of bankruptcy is not targeted towards all markets and government regulation will consistently restrict consolidation, it is preferable for the aviation industry to opt for partnerships strategically (Perrott, 2015). These sensible conglomerations complement each other and shrink the unconcealed gaps. These partnerships are more focused and collegial than the conventional alliances, which curbs the potential of the airlines to diminish the rift with efficacy. Conclusion Qantas is the premium viable airline in Australia. Over the years, it has formulated capital expenditure focusing on growth opportunities to assure a powerful, viable business. Acquisition of more Airbus A320 aircraft to sustain the growth of group capacity, which constitutes aircraft for Jetstar Japan and Asia airlines, reconfiguring B747S and A380 for qualitative productivity, are the few immediate undertakings by Qantas group to withstand the continuous competitive encumbrance. Hence, we can conclude that Qantas, being an experienced player in the global volatile market, has acclimatized to all the complex factors revolving around from fluctuating industry expectations to oscillating government policies. It has strived for success and reputation frequently with margins proving its flexibility and responsiveness every time. Though it has traversed through a dark phase and was entitled as a corporate tragedy once, the current growth report blended with superior technology and consumer preference grants a real opportunity. By adopting the following strategies, Qantas can forge a stronger bonding with its customers and invigorate their financial performance sustainably either on their own or with potent partnership. Bibliography Armstrong, G. A. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Astuti, R., Silalahi, R. L. Marketing Strategy Based on Marketing Mix Influence on Purchasing Decisions of Malang Apples Consumers at Giant Olympic Garden Mall (MOG), Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia. (2015). Astuti, R., Silalahi, R. L. R., Wijaya, G. D. P. (2015). Marketing Strategy Based on Marketing Mix Influence on Purchasing Decisions of Malang Apples Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 67-71. Balmer, J. M. (2013). Scrutinizing and explicating corporate image, corporate identity, corporate communications, corporate reputation, corporate brands and corporate marketing. Contemplating Corporate Marketing, Identity and Communication. Bellin, H. (2016). 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